Here at Pawsome Vets, we know that a diagnosis, such as FIV, can be confusing and concerning. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) can sound alarming, but it is often a little misunderstood.  

For many owners, we understand that alarm bells can start ringing after a positive FIV test, followed by questions surrounding quality of life and what support they need. 

FIV can be a manageable condition in many cases, so let’s lift the lid on FIV and discuss the disease, along with support your cat may require. 

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What is FIV?

FIV is a virus that affects a cat’s immune system and is related to the same virus as HIV in humans. However, FIV is not zoonotic, meaning that it cannot be passed to humans or other species, such as dogs. 

FIV can have a cumulative effect, weakening a cat’s immune system over time. This can make them more vulnerable to diseases that a cat who does not have FIV would easily be able to fight off naturally.  

However, many FIV positive cats can live for years without requiring significant treatment. 

How does a cat contract FIV?

FIV can be easily spread through cats, with outdoor cats being at a significantly higher risk. Male cats that have not been neutered are also at an increased risk due to fighting more frequently. 

The disease is most commonly spread through deep bite wounds, which can pass the virus from one cat to another. Mothers can sometimes pass FIV to their kittens through the placenta during pregnancy, or through the milk during lactation. 

How do you test for FIV in cats?

Testing for FIV in cats is quite simple and this is a procedure that we can perform quickly here at Pawsome Vets. One of our experienced team will obtain a blood sample, which is then tested to look for antibodies which are produced by the cat in response to the virus. 

In some cases, blood samples may need to be sent to an external laboratory for analysis, but usually our in-house tests will be able to give us an accurate diagnosis. 

What are the symptoms of FIV in cats?

Symptoms of FIV can differ between cats, but common symptoms can include: 

  • Persistent diarrhoea 
  • Sneeing 
  • Weeping eyes 
  • Swollen lymph nodes 
  • Weight loss 
  • Reduced appetite 
  • Slow recovery from illnesses 
  • Red and inflamed gums (gingivitis) 
  • Runny nose 

These symptoms may or may not mean that your cat has FIV. Testing is essential to getting a diagnosis.  

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to contact us to book an appointment as soon as possible. 

Why should you test cats for FIV?

Testing cats for FIV is important as it helps to identify which cats carry the disease. If a cat is diagnosed early on, then they can be closely monitored for any signs of deterioration.  

It also allows us to: 

  • Reduce the chance of spreading the disease to other cats 
  • Monitor exposure to other infections 
  • Keep an eye on health over time  

What does it mean if my cat has been diagnosed with FIV?

Receiving a positive diagnosis of FIV for your cat can feel a little overwhelming, but it’s important to understand that FIV is not an immediate cause for concern, unless they are already showing signs of illness. 

Many cats remain healthy for long periods of time, even for the rest of their lives! Cats with FIV can lead a normal life. FIV could be seen as a condition that could increase a cat’s vulnerability over time. 

Cats with FIV can suffer from: 

  • Weight loss 
  • Poor coat condition 
  • Dental disease 
  • Infections of the skin, gums or respiratory system 

With careful management and routine visits, your cat can be prescribed any treatment needed to stay on top of recurring problems. 

How can I care for a cat with FIV?

Many cats lead a healthy and normal life with FIV. The key is to manage and support the immune system as much as possible. 

We recommend:  

  • Keeping them indoors: Not only does keeping an FIV positive cat indoors help to protect their immune system, it also reduces the risk of spreading the virus to other cats.
  • Booking routine health checks: Health checks carried out regularly helps us to identify and treat any potential problems early, before they could potentially overwhelm the immune system.
  • Keeping on top of parasites: It’s particularly important to protect your cat from any parasitic infestations, as these can also place  a strain on the immune system. We have a variety of healthcare plans available to help spread the cost of parasitic medications! 
  • Offering high nutrition: A balanced, high quality food is essential to support your cat’s immune system. If you’re unsure, feel free to book an appointment with one of our vets or nurses who can discuss diet with you. 

Can FIV be cured in cats?

Unfortunately, there is currently no known cure for FIV in cats. Managing symptoms and supportive care gives FIV positive cats the best quality of life. 

Final thoughts on FIV

FIV in cats may sound concerning, but having a better understanding of the disease can help with feelings of overwhelm and anxiety.  

A positive FIV result does not mean that your cat has limited time left and our Pawsome team can help work together to formulate a realistic and achievable treatment plan. 

If you are unsure if your cat has FIV, or you are worried about their health, it is important to book an appointment by contacting us on 01623 203529. 

Further information on FIV: FIV in cats – PDSA